Most isolated atoll
Last updated: December 29, 2019 at 17:26 pm
The coral atoll of Kiritimati, located in the northern Line Islands, is part of the Republic of Kiribati. Based on the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Index of Isolation, Kiritimati is the most isolated atoll in the world. Hence Kiritimati was selected for nuclear testing by the United Kingdom (Operation Grapple) and the United States (Operation Dominic) from 1957 to 1962 due to its extremely remote location. Kiritimati also has the greatest land area of any coral atoll in the world (388 km² or 150 mi²), and it is the first inhabited place (population of 6,447 in 2015)—along with Samoa—to begin each new day and the New Year. The atoll, which has been a wildlife sanctuary since 1975, has a burgeoning tourism industry which focuses on bird watching, offshore fishing and scuba diving.
—
EDITOR’S NOTES
Data on the environmental and public health impact of nuclear testing at Kiritimati by the UK and US in the 50s and 60s is contested.
Kiritimati, meaning Christmas, is not the Australian island and territory of the same name which lies in the Indian Ocean.
UNEP INDEX OF ISOLATION: To measure the isolation of the island from potential sources of colonization, the square roots of the distances to the nearest equivalent or larger island, the nearest island group or archipelago and the nearest continent are added to give an index of isolation. Where one of these does not exist, the next higher distance is repeated, except in the case of small satellite islands close to much larger land masses.
Kiritimati (Kiribati – Line Islands)
Isolation index: 129
Island distance: 300 km
Group distance: 1600 km
Continent distance: North America, 5100 km
NOTE: Pukapuka (123) is the world’s most isolated uninhabited atoll.
—
UNEP ISLANDS AND ATOLLS RANKED BY INDEX OF ISOLATION
Index is based on distances to nearest island, group and continent in kilometres (km)
(The higher the index, the more isolated the location.)
Isolation Index | Island or Atoll (Country) | Island Distance / Group Distance / Continent Distance
61 Bougainville (Papua New Guinea – Bougainville) 50 / 220 / Australia, 1500
61 Fernandina (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 5 / 850 / South America, 850
61 Pinzon (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 10 / 850 / South America, 850
62 Addu (Maldives) 30 / 500 / Asia, 1150
62 Alejandro Selkirk (Chile – Juan Fernandez) 160 / 610 / South America, 610
62 Efate (Vanuatu) 75 / 340 / Australia, 1200
62 Gonzalez (Chile – Islas Desventurados) 5 / 900 / South America, 900
62 Haddunmahti (Maldives) 25 / 820 / Asia, 820
62 Kvitoya (Norway – Svalbard and Jan Mayen) 80 / 450 / Europe, 1000
62 Mindanao (Philippines – Mindanao) 25 / 350 / Asia, 1500
62 Santa Fe (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 12 / 850 / South America, 850
63 Epi (Vanuatu) 22 / 550 / Australia, 1200
63 Foa Mulaku (Maldives) 30 / 580 / Asia, 1150
63 Foch (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 1 / 400 / Antarctica, 1800
63 Ouest, Ile de l’ (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 1 / 400 / Antarctica, 1800
63 Pinta (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 25 / 850 / South America, 850
63 Rennes, Ile aux (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 1 / 400 / Antarctic, 1800
63 San Salvador (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 20 / 850 / South America, 850
63 St Lanne Gramont (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 1 / 400 / Antarctica, 1800
64 Howe (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 4 / 400 / Antarctica, 1800
64 Huvadu (Maldives) 50 / 640 / Asia, 1000
64 Isabela (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 30 / 850 / South America, 850
64 Nishino-shima (Japan – Ogasawara-Shoto) 125 / 200 / Asia, 1500
64 Phillip (Australia – Norfolk Island) 6 / 670 / Australia, 1300
64 Port, Ile du (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 3 / 400 / Antarctica, 1800
64 Ranongga (Solomon Islands) 10 / 500 / Australia, 1500
64 San Ambrosio (Chile – Islas Desventurados) 20 / 900 / South America, 900
64 San Felix (Chile – Islas Desventurados) 20 / 900 / South America, 900
64 Santa Cruz (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 30 / 850 / South America, 850
64 Shortland (Solomon Islands) 10 / 500 / Australia, 1500
65 Culpepper (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 30 / 900 / South America, 900
65 Espanola (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 50 / 850 / South America, 850
65 Ewing (New Zealand – Auckland Islands) 2 / 400 / Australia, 1900
65 Genovesa (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 50 / 850 / South America, 850
65 Heard (Australia – Heard and MacDonald Islands) 40 / 400 / Antarctica, 1500
65 Iceland (Iceland) 300 / 300 / Europe, 950
65 Kolombangara (Solomon Islands) 10 / 550 / Australia, 1500
65 Lifuka (Tonga) 1 / 50 / Australia, 3200
65 MacDonald (Australia – Heard and MacDonald) 40 / 400 / Antarctica, 1500
65 Santa Maria (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 50 / 850 / South America, 850
65 Tetepare (Solomon Islands) 3 / 600 / Australia, 1500
65 Walpole (France – Hunter, Matthew & Walpole Is.) 150 / 150 / Australia, 1650
65 Wenman (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 30 / 900 / South America, 900
66 Adams (New Zealand – Auckland Islands) 2 / 460 / Australia, 1900
66 Aldabra (Seychelles) 420 / 420 / Africa, 640
66 Foa (Tonga) 1 / 75 / Australia, 3200
66 Kao (Tonga) 4 / 50 / Australia, 3200
66 Kita-io-jima (Japan – Kazan-retto) 70 / 160 / Asia, 2000
66 Madeira (Portugal – Madeira) 450 / 450 / Africa, 560
66 Manus (Papua New Guinea – Bismarck Archipelago) 280 / 300 / Australia, 1050
66 Marchena (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 55 / 850 / South America, 850
66 Nggatokae (Solomon Islands) 10 / 600 / Australia, 1500
66 North East (New Zealand) 100 / 200 / Australia, 1770
66 Rendova (Solomon Islands) 10 / 600 / Australia, 1500
66 San Cristobal (Ecuador – Galapagos Islands) 65 / 850 / South America, 850
66 Tofua (Tonga) 4 / 50 / Australia, 3200
66 Vanguna (Solomon Islands) 2 / 600 / Australia, 1600
66 Vanikolo (Solomon Islands) 30 / 200 / Australia, 2150
66 Vella Lavella (Solomon Islands) 25 / 500 / Australia, 1500
67 Coco, Isla del (Costa Rica – Isla del Coco) 500 / 500 / North America, 500
67 Enderby (New Zealand – Auckland Islands) 5 / 460 / Australia, 1900
67 Ghizo (Solomon Islands) 15 / 600 / Australia, 1500
67 Ha’ano (Tonga) 2 / 75 / Australia, 3200
67 Io-jima (Japan – Kazan-retto) 60 / 215 / Asia, 2000
67 Karakelong (Indonesia) 120 / 180 / Australia, 1850
67 Takuu (Papua New Guinea – Bougainville) 165 / 200 / Australia, 1600
67 Uoleva (Tonga) 3 / 50 / Australia, 3400
68 Disappointment (New Zealand – Auckland Islands) 8 / 460 / Australia, 1900
68 Ontong Java (Solomon Islands) 60 / 250 / Australia, 2000
68 Ulawa (Solomon Islands) 35 / 400 / Australia, 1800
69 Choiseul (Solomon Islands) 50 / 500 / Australia, 1600
69 Kapa (Tonga) 1 / 100 / Australia, 3400
69 Matthew (France – Hunter, Matthew & Walpole Is.) 100 / 270 / Australia, 1800
69 Minami-io-jima (Japan – Kazan-retto) 60 / 270 / Asia, 2000
69 Mussau (Papua New Guinea – Bismarck Archipelago) 95 / 550 / Australia, 1300
69 Pangaimotu (Tonga) 1 / 100 / Australia, 3400
69 Utupua (Solomon Islands) 30 / 300 / Australia, 2150
70 Clarion (Mexico – Revilla Gigedo) 300 / 700 / North America, 700
70 Hunga (Tonga) 4 / 100 / Australia, 3400
70 Maramasike (Solomon Islands) 1 / 700 / Australia, 1800
70 Martin Vas, Ihlas (Brazil – I. da Trindade) 4 / 1140 / South America, 1140
70 Nendo (Solomon Islands) 70 / 250 / Australia, 2100
70 San Jorge (Solomon Islands) 1 / 700 / Australia, 1800
71 Cook (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 1 / 800 / Antarctic, 1750
71 Eua (Tonga) 18 / 100 / Australia, 3200
71 Hunter (France – Hunter, Matthew & Walpole Is.) 70 / 350 / Australia, 1900
71 New Georgia (Solomon Islands) 60 / 600 / Australia, 1500
71 Nukumanu (Papua New Guinea – Bougainville) 60 / 330 / Australia, 2000
71 Thule (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 1 / 800 / Antarctic, 1750
71 Visokoi (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 15 / 600 / Antarctic, 1850
72 Bellingshausen (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 3 / 800 / Antarctic, 1750
72 Curieuse (Seychelles) 1 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
72 Leskov (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 16 / 600 / Antarctic, 1850
72 Nuapapu (Tonga) 2 / 110 / Australia, 3600
72 Perhos Banhos (United Kingdom – Chagos Archipelago BIOT) 30 / 600 / Asia, 1750
72 Rockall (United Kingdom) 360 / 360 / Europe, 1150
72 Salomon (United Kingdom – Chagos Archipelago BIOT) 30 / 600 / Asia, 1750
72 Savo (Solomon Islands) 15 / 700 / Australia, 1750
72 Tinakula (Solomon Islands) 30 / 400 / Australia, 2150
72 Toku (Tonga) 20 / 50 / Australia, 3600
72 Zavodovski (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 16 / 600 / Antarctic, 1850
73 Aride (Seychelles) 7 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
73 Candlemas (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 15 / 700 / Antarctic, 1850
73 Cousin (Seychelles) 5 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
73 Fonualei (Tonga) 20 / 70 / Australia, 3600
73 Great Chagos Bank (United Kingdom – Chagos Archipelago BIOT) 50 / 600 / Asia, 1750
73 La Digue (Seychelles) 5 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
73 Lord Howe (Australia – NSW – Lord Howe Island) 600 / 600 / Australia, 600
73 Nggela (Solomon Islands) 25 / 700 / Australia, 1750
73 Reunion (France – Reunion) 150 / 700 / Africa, 1200
73 St Anne (Seychelles) 5 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
73 Trindade, Isla da (Brazil – I. da Trindade) 42 / 1100 / South America, 1100
74 Faial (Portugal – Azores) 6 / 1100 / Europe, 1500
74 Late (Tonga) 65 / 65 / Australia, 3300
74 Mamelle (Seychelles) 10 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
74 Recif (Seychelles) 12 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
75 Alofi (France – Wallis and Futuna) 5 / 260 / Australia, 3200
75 Bristol (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 20 / 800 / Antarctic, 1775
75 Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands) 55 / 700 / Australia, 1700
75 Montagu (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 22 / 800 / Antarctic, 1800
75 Pavuvu (Solomon Islands) 50 / 700 / Australia, 1700
75 Praslin (Seychelles) 16 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
75 San Cristobal (Solomon Islands) 45 / 700 / Australia, 1750
75 Santa Isabel (Solomon Islands) 80 / 600 / Australia, 1700
75 Santa Maria (Portugal – Azores) 80 / 900 / Europe, 1300
75 Silhouette (Seychelles) 20 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
75 Terceira (Portugal – Azores) 35 / 1000 / Europe, 1400
76 Frigate (Seychelles) 25 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
76 Jan Mayen (Norway – Svalbard and Jan Mayen) 500 / 500 / Europe, 1000
76 Malaita (Solomon Islands) 45 / 700 / Australia, 1800
76 Sao Jorge (Portugal – Azores) 17 / 1100 / Europe, 1500
76 Saunders (United Kingdom – Falkland – S. Sandwich) 23 / 800 / Antarctic, 1825
76 Tromelin (France – Tromelin (claim by Madagascar)) 400 / 400 / Africa, 1300
76 Ulithi (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 500 / Asia, 2500
77 Diego Garcia (United Kingdom – Chagos Archipelago BIOT) 90 / 650 / Asia, 1800
77 Helen (Palau) 75 / 300 / Asia, 2600
77 Mahe (Seychelles) 40 / 1100 / Africa, 1400
77 Marion (South Africa – Prince Edward Islands) 21 / 925 / Africa, 1800
77 Ngulu (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 300 / Asia, 2500
77 Pico (Portugal – Azores) 6 / 1100 / Europe, 1700
77 Sao Miguel (Portugal – Azores) 80 / 1000 / Europe, 1300
78 Chesterfield (France – New Caledonia) 600 / 600 / Australia, 850
78 Saipan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 10 / 500 / Asia, 2800
78 Tinian (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 5 / 500 / Asia, 2800
78 Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom – Tristan da Cunha) 35 / 350 / Africa, 2800
79 Aguijan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 5 / 500 / Asia, 3000
79 Alamagan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 35 / 500 / Asia, 2600
79 Ascuncion (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 50 / 500 / Asia, 2500
79 Bird (Seychelles) 50 / 1200 / Africa, 1400
79 Christmas (Australia – Christmas Island) 400 / 400 / Australia, 1500
79 Denis (Seychelles) 50 / 1200 / Africa, 1400
79 Farallon de Pajaros (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 40 / 500 / Asia, 2500
79 Fonuafo’ou (Tonga) 25 / 300 / Australia, 3200
79 Graciosa (Portugal – Azores) 35 / 1200 / Europe, 1500
79 Guguan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 35 / 500 / Asia, 2600
79 Little Mangere (New Zealand – Chatham Islands) 3 / 600 / Australia, 2800
79 Mangere (New Zealand – Chatham Islands) 2 / 600 / Australia, 2800
79 Maug Islands (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 50 / 500 / Asia, 2500
79 Prince Edward (South Africa – Prince Edward Islands) 22 / 1000 / Africa, 1800
79 Rennell (Solomon Islands) 170 / 700 / Australia, 1550
80 Anatahan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 30 / 500 / Asia, 2700
80 Chelbacheb (Palau) 1 / 850 / Asia, 2500
80 Home Reef (Tonga) 20 / 400 / Australia, 3100
80 Nanumanga (Tuvalu) 50 / 400 / Australia, 2800
80 Ngerekebesang (Palau) 1 / 850 / Asia, 2500
80 Niuatoputapu (Tonga) 10 / 290 / Australia, 3600
80 Nukufetau (Tuvalu) 50 / 400 / Australia, 2800
80 Pagan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 45 / 500 / Asia, 2600
80 Sarigan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 30 / 500 / Asia, 2700
80 Tafahi (Tonga) 10 / 270 / Australia, 3600
80 Vaitupu (Tuvalu) 50 / 400 / Australia, 2800
80 Yap (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 400 / Asia, 2500
81 Babeldaob (Palau) 2 / 850 / Asia, 2500
81 Dravuni (Fiji) 1 / 800 / Australia, 2700
81 Hunga Ha’apai (Tonga) 55 / 300 / Australia, 3200
81 Nanumea (Tuvalu) 60 / 400 / Australia, 2800
81 Oreor (Palau) 2 / 850 / Asia, 2500
81 Rangatira (New Zealand – Chatham Islands) 4 / 660 / Australia, 2800
82 Agrihan (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 70 / 500 / Asia, 2600
82 Corvo (Portugal – Azores) 19 / 1300 / Europe, 1700
82 Farallon de Medinilla (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 60 / 500 / Asia, 2700
82 Funafuti (Tuvalu) 80 / 400 / Australia, 2800
82 Hunga Tonga (Tonga) 60 / 300 / Australia, 3200
82 Kerguelen (France – French Southern Terr- Kerguelen) 400 / 400 / Antarctica, 1800
82 Makin Meang (Kiribati) 3 / 400 / Australia, 3600
82 Ngeaur (Palau) 11 / 850 / Asia, 2500
82 Ngerukuid (Palau) 7 / 850 / Asia, 2500
82 Ono (Fiji) 4 / 800 / Australia, 2700
82 Yadua Taba (Fiji) 1 / 800 / Australia, 2800
82 Yasawa (Fiji) 1 / 800 / Australia, 2800
83 Beqa (Fiji) 10 / 800 / Australia, 2700
83 Ile de l’Est (France – French Southern Terr. – Crozet) 17 / 1200 / Antarctic, 2000
83 Ile de la Possession (France – French Southern Terr. – Crozet) 17 / 1200 / Antarctica, 2000
83 Naviti (Fiji) 5 / 800 / Australia, 2800
83 Niutao (Tuvalu) 100 / 400 / Australia, 2800
83 Nomuka (Tonga) 50 / 370 / Australia, 3200
83 Pitt (New Zealand – Chatham Islands) 20 / 660 / Australia, 2800
83 Sonsorol (Palau) 100 / 500 / Asia, 2600
84 Ata (Tonga) 150 / 300 / Australia, 3000
84 Beliliou (Palau) 19 / 850 / Asia, 2500
84 Fais (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 600 / Asia, 2800
84 Nui (Tuvalu) 120 / 400 / Australia, 2800
84 Nukulaelae (Tuvalu) 120 / 400 / Australia, 2800
84 Qamea (Fiji) 2 / 800 / Australia, 3000
84 Vuaqava (Fiji) 5 / 800 / Australia, 2900
85 Auckland (New Zealand – Auckland Islands) 400 / 460 / Australia, 1900
85 Beru (Kiribati) 35 / 400 / Australia, 3500
85 Conway Reef (Fiji) 225 / 500 / Australia, 2300
85 Fulaga (Fiji) 10 / 800 / Australia, 2900
85 Knox (Marshall Islands) 10 / 400 / Australia, 3800
85 Kuria (Kiribati) 3 / 600 / Australia, 3500
85 Makogai (Fiji) 15 / 800 / Australia, 2800
85 Ngcheangel (Palau) 40 / 850 / Asia, 2500
85 Nikunau (Kiribati) 35 / 400 / Australia, 3500
85 Niulakita (Tuvalu) 150 / 400 / Australia, 2800
85 Ogea Levu (Fiji) 10 / 800 / Australia, 2900
85 Onotoa (Kiribati) 40 / 400 / Australia, 3500
85 Ovalau (Fiji) 15 / 800 / Australia, 2800
85 Rabi (Fiji) 5 / 800 / Australia, 3000
85 Wakaya (Fiji) 18 / 800 / Australia, 2800
86 Arorae (Kiribati) 90 / 300 / Australia, 3500
86 Guam (United States – Guam) 80 / 500 / Asia, 3000
86 Rota (United States – Northern Mariana Islands) 80 / 500 / Asia, 3000
86 South Island (New Zealand) 50 / 1500 / Australia, 1600
86 Taveuni (Fiji) 7 / 800 / Australia, 3000
86 Vatulele (Fiji) 30 / 800 / Australia, 2700
87 Abaiang (Kiribati) 10 / 600 / Australia, 3500
87 Ailinginae (Marshall Islands) 5 / 700 / Australia, 3400
87 Elato (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 700 / Asia, 3300
87 Kanacea (Fiji) 15 / 800 / Australia, 3000
87 Lamotrek (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 700 / Asia, 3300
87 Matuku (Fiji) 40 / 800 / Australia, 2750
87 Mauritius (Mauritius) 250 / 805 / Africa, 1800
87 Namena Lala (Fiji) 22 / 800 / Australia, 2900
87 Rongelap (Marshall Islands) 5 / 700 / Australia, 3400
87 Savai’i (Samoa) 10 / 500 / Australia, 3800
87 Tarawa (Kiribati) 10 / 600 / Australia, 3500
87 Upolu (Samoa) 10 / 500 / Australia, 3800
88 Aranuka (Kiribati) 5 / 700 / Australia, 3500
88 Arno (Marshall Islands) 15 / 500 / Australia, 3800
88 Aunuu (United States – American Samoa) 1 / 600 / Australia, 3900
88 Cargados Carajos Shoals (Mauritius – Cargados Carajos) 500 / 500 / Africa, 1900
88 Cicia (Fiji) 30 / 800 / Australia, 2900
88 Gau (Fiji) 50 / 800 / Australia, 2800
88 Jabwot (Marshall Islands) 10 / 700 / Australia, 3400
88 Kabara (Fiji) 40 / 800 / Australia, 2900
88 Kili (Marshall Islands) 50 / 500 / Australia, 3400
88 Majuro (Marshall Islands) 15 / 500 / Australia, 3800
88 Moala (Fiji) 40 / 800 / Australia, 2800
88 New Caledonia (France – New Caledonia) 1100 / 400 / Australia, 1200
88 North Island (New Zealand) 50 / 1500 / Australia, 1800
88 Olosega (United States – American Samoa) 1 / 600 / Australia, 3900
88 Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo, Penedos de (Brazil) 625 / 1000 / South America, 1000
88 Sorol (Federated States of Micronesia) 150 / 500 / Asia, 2800
88 Tabiteuea (Kiribati) 40 / 500 / Australia, 3500
88 Tamana (Kiribati) 70 / 400 / Australia, 3500
88 Totoya (Fiji) 40 / 800 / Australia, 2800
88 Viti Levu (Fiji) 60 / 800 / Australia, 2700
89 Bounty Islands (New Zealand – Bounty Islands) 200 / 600 / Australia, 2500
89 Campbell (New Zealand – Campbell Island) 250 / 700 / Australia, 2200
89 Kadavu (Fiji) 80 / 800 / Australia, 2700
89 Koro (Fiji) 50 / 800 / Australia, 2900
89 Marakei (Kiribati) 30 / 600 / Australia, 3500
89 Neoch (Federated States of Micronesia) 1 / 900 / Asia, 3400
89 Olimarao (Federated States of Micronesia) 30 / 700 / Asia, 3300
89 Wailagi Lala (Fiji) 30 / 800 / Australia, 3000
90 Abemama (Kiribati) 20 / 700 / Australia, 3500
90 Aur (Marshall Islands) 15 / 600 / Australia, 3800
90 Banaba (Kiribati – Banaba Island) 300 / 400 / Australia, 2800
90 Butaritari (Kiribati) 120 / 400 / Australia, 3500
90 Cochons, Ile aux (France – French Southern Terr. – Crozet) 58 / 1400 / Antarctica, 2000
90 Futuna (France – Wallis and Futuna) 300 / 260 / Australia, 3200
90 Maloelap (Marshall Islands) 15 / 600 / Australia, 3800
90 Nonouti (Kiribati) 40 / 600 / Australia, 3500
90 Ono-i-Lau (Fiji) 90 / 800 / Australia, 2700
90 Pulap (Federated States of Micronesia) 20 / 800 / Asia, 3300
90 Rongrik (Marshall Islands) 30 / 700 / Australia, 3400
91 Agalega (Mauritius – Agalega Islands) 650 / 650 / Africa, 1600
91 Ailinglaplap (Marshall Islands) 40 / 700 / Australia, 3400
91 Bermuda (Bermuda) 917 / 917 / North America, 917
91 Erikub (Marshall Islands) 10 / 700 / Australia, 3800
91 Lae (Marshall Islands) 40 / 700 / Australia, 3400
91 Losap (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 900 / Asia, 3400
91 Macauley (New Zealand – Kermadec Islands) 100 / 900 / Australia, 2600
91 Mili (Marshall Islands) 80 / 400 / Australia, 3800
91 Murilo (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 900 / Asia, 3400
91 Nama (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 900 / Asia, 3400
91 Namorik (Marshall Islands) 100 / 500 / Australia, 3400
91 Namu (Marshall Islands) 45 / 700 / Australia, 3400
91 Niuafo’ou (Tonga) 200 / 300 / Australia, 3600
91 Nomwin (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 900 / Asia, 3400
91 Vanua Balavu (Fiji) 60 / 800 / Australia, 3000
91 Vanua Levu (Fiji) 80 / 800 / Australia, 2900
91 Wotje (Marshall Islands) 10 / 700 / Australia, 3800
92 Atafu (New Zealand – Tokelau) 60 / 450 / Australia, 4000
92 Ebon (Marshall Islands) 120 / 500 / Australia, 3400
92 Fakaofo (New Zealand – Tokelau) 60 / 450 / Australia, 4000
92 Fayu (Federated States of Micronesia) 15 / 900 / Asia, 3400
92 Flores (Portugal – Azores) 210 / 1300 / Europe, 1700
92 Gaferut (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 600 / Asia, 3300
92 Ifalik (Federated States of Micronesia) 30 / 900 / Asia, 3200
92 Jaluit (Marshall Islands) 130 / 500 / Australia, 3400
92 Lakeba (Fiji) 75 / 800 / Australia, 3000
92 Lib (Marshall Islands) 50 / 700 / Australia, 3400
92 Maiana (Kiribati) 35 / 700 / Australia, 3500
92 Puluwat (Federated States of Micronesia) 20 / 900 / Asia, 3300
92 Qelelevu (Fiji) 80 / 800 / Australia, 3000
92 Swains (United States – American Samoa) 200 / 200 / Australia, 4000
92 Woleai (Federated States of Micronesia) 30 / 900 / Asia, 3200
93 Faraulep (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 700 / Asia, 3200
93 Kwajalein (Marshall Islands) 70 / 700 / Australia, 3400
93 Nukunonu (New Zealand – Tokelau) 60 / 470 / Australia, 4000
93 Taka (Marshall Islands) 2 / 900 / Australia, 3800
93 Utrik (Marshall Islands) 2 / 900 / Australia, 3800
94 Antipodes (New Zealand) 200 / 850 / Australia, 2550
94 Bikini (Marshall Islands) 90 / 700 / Australia, 3400
94 Clipperton (France – Clipperton Island) 950 / 950 / North America, 1070
94 Eauripik (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 800 / Asia, 3100
94 Namonuito (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 700 / Asia, 3300
94 Pikelot (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 800 / Asia, 3400
94 Satawal (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 800 / Asia, 3400
94 West Fayu (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 800 / Asia, 3400
95 Dublon (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Fanapanges (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Fefan (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Moen (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Pulusuk (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 950 / Asia, 3300
95 Romonum (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Tutuila (United States – American Samoa) 60 / 600 / Australia, 3900
95 Udot (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Ujae (Marshall Islands) 100 / 700 / Australia, 3400
95 Uman (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 900 / Asia, 3400
95 Wotho (Marshall Islands) 110 / 700 / Australia, 3400
96 Atiu (Cook Islands) 80 / 400 / Australia, 4500
96 Jemo (Marshall Islands) 35 / 800 / Australia, 3800
96 Rotuma (Fiji) 350 / 500 / Australia, 3000
96 Saint-Paul (France – French Southern Terr. – St Paul) 50 / 1200 / Antarctica, 3000
96 Uvea (France – Wallis and Futuna) 300 / 400 / Australia, 3500
97 Agakauitai (France – French Polynesia – Gambier Is.) 1 / 400 / South America, 5800
97 Mauke (Cook Islands) 30 / 600 / Australia, 4500
97 Mitiaro (Cook Islands) 30 / 600 / Australia, 4500
97 Nauru (Nauru) 300 / 700 / Australia, 2800
97 Niue (Niue) 400 / 400 / Australia, 3300
97 Ofu (United States – American Samoa) 95 / 600 / Australia, 3900
98 Ailuk (Marshall Islands) 70 / 800 / Australia, 3800
98 Akamaru (France – French Polynesia – Gambier Is.) 5 / 400 / South America, 5800
98 Amsterdam (France – French Southern Terr- Amsterdam) 50 / 1300 / Antarctica, 3000
98 Aukena (France – French Polynesia – Gambier Is.) 5 / 400 / South America, 5800
98 Likiep (Marshall Islands) 65 / 800 / Australia, 3800
98 Namoluk (Federated States of Micronesia) 5 / 1000 / Asia, 4100
98 Rodrigues (Mauritius – Rodrigues) 650 / 650 / Africa, 2200
98 Taravai (France – French Polynesia – Gambier Is.) 2 / 400 / South America, 5800
98 Tau (United States – American Samoa) 120 / 600 / Australia, 3900
99 Manra (Kiribati) 85 / 500 / Australia, 4500
99 Mejit (Marshall Islands) 90 / 800 / Australia, 3800
99 Rangiroa (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 310 / Australia, 6000
99 Takutea (Cook Islands) 50 / 600 / Australia, 4500
99 Tikehau (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 300 / Australia, 6000
99 Vava’u (Tonga) 290 / 500 / Australia, 3600
100 Etal (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 1000 / Asia, 4200
100 Faaite (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 12 / 320 / Australia, 6200
100 Fakarava (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 300 / Australia, 6200
100 Kaukura (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 340 / Australia, 6000
100 Lukunor (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 1000 / Asia, 4200
100 Oeno (United Kingdom – Pitcairn – Oeno Island) 130 / 400 / South America, 4700
100 Orona (Kiribati) 110 / 500 / Australia, 4500
100 Pukapuka (Cook Islands) 20 / 600 / Australia, 5000
100 Raiatea (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 5 / 400 / Australia, 6000
100 Rawaki (Kiribati) 75 / 600 / Australia, 4500
100 Satawan (Federated States of Micronesia) 10 / 1000 / Asia, 4200
100 Tahaa (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 5 / 400 / Australia, 6000
100 Tahanea (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 12 / 330 / South America, 6200
100 Toau (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 300 / Australia, 6200
100 Tupai (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 20 / 400 / Australia, 5700
101 Apaataki (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 380 / Australia, 6000
101 Arutua (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 380 / Australia, 6000
101 Birnie (Kiribati) 60 / 700 / Australia, 4500
101 Nikumaroro (Kiribati) 125 / 500 / Australia, 4500
101 Norfolk (Australia – Norfolk Island) 1400 / 670 / Australia, 1400
101 Rose Atoll (United States – American Samoa) 150 / 700 / Australia, 3900
101 Tol (Federated States of Micronesia) 50 / 1000 / Asia, 3900
101 Ujelang (Marshall Islands) 250 / 700 / Australia, 3400
102 Bora Bora (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 20 / 400 / Australia, 6000
102 Chatham (New Zealand – Chatham Islands) 600 / 600 / Australia, 2800
102 Enderbury (Kiribati) 65 / 700 / Australia, 4500
102 Enewetak (Marshall Islands) 300 / 700 / Australia, 3400
102 Makatea (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 90 / 220 / Australia, 6000
102 Manihiki (Cook Islands) 50 / 600 / Australia, 5000
102 Manuae (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 70 / 400 / Australia, 5400
102 Marokau (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 2 / 600 / Soutn America, 5800
102 Maupihaa (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 80 / 400 / Australia, 5400
102 Moorea (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 25 / 400 / Australia, 6000
102 Motu One (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 70 / 400 / Australia, 5400
102 Niau (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 35 / 350 / Australia, 6000
102 Rakahanga (Cook Islands) 50 / 600 / Australia, 5000
102 Ravahere (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 2 / 600 / South America, 5800
102 Tahiti (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 25 / 400 / Australia, 6000
102 Temoe (France – French Polynesia – Gambier Is.) 50 / 350 / South America, 5800
102 Tepoto Nord (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 420 / South America, 6100
103 Anaa (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 65 / 270 / Australia, 6200
103 Cocos (Australia – Cocos (Keeling) Islands) 1000 / 1000 / Asia, 1600
103 Hiti (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 440 / South America, 6100
103 Huahine (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 30 / 400 / Australia, 6000
103 Katiu (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 18 / 420 / South America, 6100
103 Maupiti (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 50 / 400 / Australia, 5700
103 McKean (Kiribati) 125 / 600 / Australia, 4500
103 Motutunga (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 400 / South America, 6100
103 Pitcairn (United Kingdom – Pitcairn – Pitcairn Is.) 220 / 400 / South America, 4600
103 Tongatapu (Tonga) 800 / 400 / Australia, 3000
103 Tuanake (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 15 / 430 / South America, 6100
104 Ahe (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 18 / 450 / Australia, 6200
104 Baker (United States – Howland and Baker) 50 / 900 / Australia, 4500
104 Howland (United States – Howland and Baker) 50 / 900 / Australia, 4500
104 Kauehi (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 25 / 400 / Australia, 6200
104 Nassau (Cook Islands) 80 / 600 / Australia, 5000
104 Raraka (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 25 / 400 / South America, 6200
105 Anuanuraro (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 30 / 550 / South America, 5800
105 Anuanurunga (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 25 / 580 / South America, 5800
105 Aratika (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 35 / 400 / Australia, 6200
105 Hikueru (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 22 / 570 / South America, 5900
105 Kanton (Kiribati) 65 / 900 / Australia, 4500
105 Maiao (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 75 / 400 / Australia, 5900
105 Makemo (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 30 / 470 / South America, 6000
105 Mangareva (France – French Polynesia – Gambier Is.) 200 / 400 / South America, 5000
105 Manihi (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 18 / 490 / Australia, 6200
105 Marutea (North) (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 25 / 520 / South America, 6000
105 Nukutipipi (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 25 / 590 / South America, 5800
105 Raroia (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 8 / 620 / South America, 5900
105 Takume (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 8 / 660 / South America, 5900
105 Tetiaroa (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 50 / 400 / Australia, 6000
106 Bikar (Marshall Islands) 100 / 1100 / Australia, 4000
106 Haraiki (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 50 / 480 / South America, 6000
106 Henderson (United Kingdom – Pitcairn – Henderson Is) 200 / 600 / South America, 4500
106 Kahoolawe (United States – Hawaii) 11 / 1800 / North America, 3600
106 Kapingamarangi (Federated States of Micronesia) 300 / 500 / Asia, 4400
106 Lanai (United States – Hawaii) 15 / 1800 / North America, 3600
106 Mangaia (Cook Islands) 200 / 600 / Australia, 4500
106 Maria (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 200 / 400 / Australia, 5200
106 Marotiri (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 80 / 600 / South America, 5300
106 Maui (United States – Hawaii) 15 / 1800 / North America, 3600
106 Molokai (United States – Hawaii) 15 / 1800 / North America, 3600
106 Nihiru (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 30 / 560 / South America, 5900
106 Rarotonga (Cook Islands) 200 / 600 / Australia, 4500
106 Reitoru (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 40 / 520 / South America, 5900
106 Takapoto (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 530 / Australia, 6400
106 Tekokota (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 22 / 580 / South America, 5900
107 Aitutaki (Cook Islands) 100 / 700 / Australia, 5000
107 Hao (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 740 / South America, 5700
107 Mahetia (France – French Polynesia – Society Is.) 100 / 400 / Australia, 6000
107 Taenga (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 35 / 550 / South America, 6000
107 Taiaro (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 45 / 450 / South America, 6200
107 Takaroa (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 560 / Australia, 6500
108 Amanu (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 760 / South America, 5700
108 Ant (Federated States of Micronesia) 20 / 1300 / Asia, 4500
108 Manuae (Cook Islands) 120 / 700 / Australia, 5000
108 Mataiva (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 50 / 290 / Australia, 7000
108 Nukutavake (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 980 / South America, 5400
108 Pakin (Federated States of Micronesia) 20 / 1300 / Asia, 4500
108 Pinaki (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 990 / South America, 5400
108 Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia) 20 / 1350 / Asia, 4500
108 Raoul (New Zealand – Kermadec Islands) 800 / 800 / Australia, 2600
109 Hawaii (United States – Hawaii) 50 / 1800 / North America, 3600
109 Matureivavao (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 1100 / South America, 5300
109 Niihau (United States – Hawaii) 20 / 1800 / North America, 3800
109 Nukuoro (Federated States of Micronesia) 200 / 800 / Asia, 4400
109 Oahu (United States – Hawaii) 40 / 1800 / North America, 3600
109 Tenararo (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 1100 / South America, 5300
109 Tenarunga (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 1100 / South America, 5300
109 Vahanga (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 10 / 1100 / South America, 5300
110 Hereheretue (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 150 / 400 / South America, 6000
110 Manuhangi (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 60 / 730 / South America, 5700
110 Nengonengo (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 60 / 670 / South America, 5800
110 Rimatara (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 160 / 500 / Australia, 5600
111 Ahunui (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 60 / 830 / South America, 5600
111 Fangataufa (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 40 / 900 / South America, 5600
111 Midway (United States – Midway Islands) 100 / 2000 / Asia, 3200
111 Nightingale (United Kingdom – Tristan da Cunha) 22 / 2800 / Africa, 2800
111 Rekareka (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 70 / 660 / South America, 5900
111 Vahitahi (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 45 / 980 / South America, 5400
112 Akiaki (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 45 / 940 / South America, 5500
112 Hatutaa (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 5 / 600 / South America, 7300
112 Inaccessible (United Kingdom – Tristan da Cunha) 40 / 2800 / Africa, 2800
112 Macquarie (Australia – Tasmania – Macquarie Island) 1200 / 1200 / Antarctica, 1800
112 Mururoa (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 50 / 900 / South America, 5600
112 Napuka (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 840 / South America, 6200
112 Ngatik (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 1200 / Asia, 4500
112 Paraoa (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 60 / 800 / South America, 5700
112 Rurutu (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 160 / 500 / Autralia, 6000
112 Tahuata (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 5 / 600 / South America, 7300
112 Tauere (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 80 / 700 / South America, 5800
112 Tepoto Sud (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 20 / 830 / South America, 6200
112 Vairaatea (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 50 / 930 / South America, 5500
113 Fakahina (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 70 / 870 / South America, 5700
113 Fangatau (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 70 / 800 / South America, 5800
113 Kauai (United States – Hawaii) 120 / 1800 / North America, 3600
113 Penrhyn (Cook Islands) 300 / 600 / Australia, 5000
113 South Georgia (United Kingdom – Falkland- South Georgia) 1350 / 1350 / Antarctic, 1600
113 St Helena (United Kingdom – St Helena) 1200 / 1200 / Africa, 1920
113 Thomasset Rock (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 10 / 600 / South America, 7300
113 Tikei (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 65 / 570 / Australia, 6500
113 Vanavana (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 50 / 990 / South America, 5500
113 Wake (United States – Wake Island) 550 / 900 / Asia, 3500
114 Maria (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 50 / 1150 / South America, 5300
114 Mohotani (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 15 / 600 / South America, 7300
114 Motu One (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 15 / 600 / South America, 7300
114 Raivavae (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 200 / 500 / Australia, 6000
114 Suwarrow (Cook Islands) 350 / 600 / Australia, 5000
114 Tematangi (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 130 / 750 / South America, 5600
114 Tupuai (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 200 / 500 / Australia, 6000
114 Tureia (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 55 / 1050 / South America, 5500
115 Caroline (Kiribati – Line Islands) 230 / 830 / North America, 5100
115 Fatu Huku (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 25 / 600 / South America, 7300
115 Minami Tori Shima (Japan – Minami Tori Shima) 1050 / 1050 / Asia, 2500
115 Morane (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 200 / 800 / South America, 5200
115 Palmerston (Cook Islands) 400 / 800 / Australia, 4400
115 Pukarua (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 55 / 1160 / South America, 5400
115 Sala y Gomez (Chile – Easter Island) 402 / 2000 / South America, 2500
116 Ducie (United Kingdom – Pitcairn – Ducie Island) 360 / 1000 / South America, 4300
116 Marutea Sud (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 65 / 1200 / South America, 5300
116 Mokil (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 1400 / Asia, 4700
116 Nuku Hiva (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 40 / 600 / South America, 7300
116 Oroluk (Federated States of Micronesia) 250 / 1200 / Asia, 4300
116 Reao (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 55 / 1230 / South America, 5400
116 Ua Huka (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 40 / 600 / South America, 7300
116 Ua Pou (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 40 / 600 / South America, 7300
117 Motu Iti (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 55 / 600 / South America, 7300
117 Pingelap (Federated States of Micronesia) 100 / 1400 / Asia, 4800
118 Bokaak (Marshall Islands) 300 / 1400 / Asia, 4000
118 Fatuhiva (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 70 / 600 / South America, 7300
118 Pearl and Hermes Reef (United States – Hawaii) 170 / 2500 / North America, 3000
119 Ascension (United Kingdom – Ascension Island) 1300 / 1700 / Africa, 1700
119 Nihoa (United States – Hawaii) 200 / 2000 / North America, 3600
119 Tatakoto (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 150 / 1030 / South America, 5500
120 Eiao (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 100 / 600 / South America, 7300
120 Hiva Oa (France – French Polynesia – Marquesas Is) 100 / 600 / South America, 7300
121 Laysan (United States – Hawaii) 220 / 2500 / North America, 3200
121 Tabuaeran (Kiribati – Line Islands) 100 / 1600 / North America, 5100
121 Teraina (Kiribati – Line Islands) 100 / 1600 / North America, 5100
123 Johnston (United States – Johnston Island) 900 / 900 / North America, 4000
123 Pukapuka (France – French Polynesia – Tuamotu Is.) 180 / 1040 / South America, 6000
124 Flint (Kiribati – Line Islands) 170 / 1600 / North America, 5100
125 Bouvet (Norway – Bouvet Island) 1600 / 1600 / Antarctica, 2000
125 Gough (United Kingdom – Tristan da Cunha) 350 / 2800 / Africa, 2800
125 Palmyra (United States – Palmyra) 250 / 1500 / North America, 5000
126 Kosrae (Federated States of Micronesia) 250 / 1500 / Asia, 5100
126 Malden (Kiribati – Line Islands) 200 / 1600 / North America, 5100
126 Starbuck (Kiribati – Line Islands) 200 / 1600 / North America, 5100
126 Vostok (Kiribati – Line Islands) 200 / 1600 / North America, 5100
128 Jarvis (United States – Jarvis) 350 / 1500 / North America, 5000
128 Kiritimati (Kiribati – Line Islands) 300 / 1600 / North America, 5100
130 Rapa (France – French Polynesia – Austral Is.) 500 / 1200 / South America, 5400
149 Easter (Chile – Easter Island) 2011 / 2011 / South America, 3568
NOTE: Rapa (130) and Easter (149) are high volcanic islands, not atolls.
NOTE: Pukapuka (123) is the world’s most isolated uninhabited atoll.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Please note that comments are moderated: (1) Stay on topic (2) Be respectful (3) Refrain from vulgarity and abusive language (4) Do not make personal complaints about a person’s character, business, work or associations (5) Do not publish materials that violate copyright. OFFENDING COMMENTS WILL BE DELETED.
If you have claim to a diving or underwater record or first, if you know of a significant first or record not listed here, or if you can demonstrate that any of the information on this website is false or outdated, please complete the form on the record submission page.
In order to ensure your browsing experience is as enjoyable as possible, banners are kept to an absolute minimum, which means that advertising revenues alone cannot sustain this 100% FREE publication. Researching and updating the Diving Almanac requires a lot of time and dedication. If you believe the diving community needs a central body of information to record, validate and make available our shared history and accomplishments, please show your support by making a contribution to the Diving Almanac via PayPal (Porbeagle Press). Thank you!
Oldest order of female divers
By Jeffrey Gallant
Ama divers (Sea People) in Japan have been diving for food and pearls for 2,000 years. Traditional Ama divers wear only a loincloth (isogi) and no diving [...]
Read More
Highest altitude freedive (STA | Men)
By Jeffrey Gallant
4,720 m (15,486 ft) - On November 19, 2017, Vitomir Maričić (Croatia) did a static (STA) breath-hold dive of 3 min 28 sec in the Annapurna Ice [...]
Read More
Highest altitude freedive (STA | Women)
By Jeffrey Gallant
4,720 m (15,486 ft) — On November 19, 2017, Lidija Lijić (Croatia) did a static (STA) breath-hold dive of 2 min 21 sec in the Annapurna Ice Lake [...]
Read More
Longest cave penetration dive (DPV)
By Jeffrey Gallant
8,800 m (28,871 ft) — British-led team of divers (Jason Mallinson, Rick Stanton, John Volanthen, and Dutch caver Rene Houben), September 2010, Pozo Azul [...]
Read More
First shark observation suit
By Jeffrey Gallant
1978 — Neptunic Sharksuit by marine biologist Jeremiah Sullivan (a.k.a. Chain Mail Anti-Shark Suit); the suit was developed in 1978-1979 [...]
Read More
Oldest diver (Men)
By Jeffrey Gallant
99 — William Lambert (USA) celebrated his 99th anniversary with a birthday dive in Pearl Lake, Illinois, on September 5, 2019. He remained at the depth of 9.7 m (32 ft) for 20 minutes [...]
Read More
First underwater self-portrait (selfie?)
By Jeffrey Gallant
1893 — Louis Boutan took an underwater self-portrait at a depth of 3 m (10 ft) using a camera known as the Detective which he inserted [...]
Read More
Deepest dive on scuba (Ocean | Men)
By Jeffrey Gallant
332.35 m (1,090 ft) — Ahmed Gabr (Egypt), Dahab, Egypt, September 18, 2014. Time to descend to 335 m (1,100 ft) was 14 minutes but the actual [...]
Read More
Deepest fish (Observed)
By Jeffrey Gallant
The Swire's snailfish (Pseudoliparis swirei) was captured on video at the depth of 8,178 m (26,831 ft) in 2017. This species, more commonly referred to as the Mariana snailfish [...]
Read More
Deepest saturation dive (Openwater)
By Jeffrey Gallant
534 m (1,752 ft) — COMEX Hydra 8, Hyperbaric Experimental Centre, Marseille, France, 1988. Breathing a gas mixture of hydro-heliox, it [...]
Read More
Most habitat missions (Science)
By Jeffrey Gallant
180 scientific missions were conducted aboard Hydro-Lab in the Bahamas (100) and in St. Croix, USVI (80) from 1970. Hydro-Lab was built by Perry [...]
Read More
Fastest torpedo
By Jeffrey Gallant
260 knots (483 km/h / 300 mph) — Shkval (squall) supercavitating rocket-propelled torpedo (Russia). The Shkval produces an envelope of supercavitating bubbles preventing the [...]
Read More
Deepest point in Earth’s oceans
By Jeffrey Gallant
10,994 m (36,070 ft) — The Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, 250 miles (400 km) southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, is the deepest [...]
Read More
Longest migration (Shark)
By Jeffrey Gallant
20,142 km (12,516 miles) — A whale shark (Rinchodon typus) was tracked by satellite from Panama to the Mariana Trench between April 2012 and [...]
Read More
Deepest cave dive (Men)
By Jeffrey Gallant
286.2 m (939 ft) — Xavier Méniscus (France), Font Estramar Cave, France, December 30, 2019. Total dive time: 10h 58min 48sec. Support team: Baptiste Benedittini, Henri Benedittini [...]
Read More
Most bubble rings on a single breath of air
By Jeffrey Gallant
71 — On February 3, 2018, Jorrit Bruinsma (Netherlands) produced 71 perfectly formed bubble rings on a single breath of air in a tank at the DuikVaker [...]
Read More
Most isolated atoll
By Jeffrey Gallant
The coral atoll of Kiritimati, located in the northern Line Islands is part of the Republic of Kiribati. Based on the United Nations Environment (UNEP) Index of Isolation [...]
Read More
Deepest submersible dive (Ocean)
By Jeffrey Gallant
10,928 m (35,853 ft) — Victor Vescovo (USA) aboard the Limiting Factor (Triton 36000/2 model submersible) | April 28, 2019 | Challenger Deep [...]
Read More
Jeffrey Gallant is the Editor-in-Chief and Records Keeper of the Diving Almanac. He is also a contributing editor of DIVER Magazine, and the scientific director of the Greenland Shark and Elasmobranch Education and Research Group (GEERG). Jeffrey started diving in 1982.